Evaluation of the Association of TNF‐α rs361525 Gene Polymorphism in Bangladeshi Patients With Breast and Cervical Cancer: A Case‐Control Study and Meta‐Analysis

Background and Aims Incidence and fatality rates are highest for breast cancer (BC) and cervical cancer (CC), making them the most prevalent types of cancer. Prior research has documented certain cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α), as being accountable for the growth and advancement of these cancerous conditions. To assess the possible association, we examined the correlation between the TNF‐α rs361525 polymorphism (−238 G > A) and the susceptibility to both BC and CC. Methods A case‐control study was conducted on a total of 155 BC patients, 157 CC patients, and 150 controls. The genotyping process utilized the polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP) technique. To ascertain the extent of the risk association of rs361525, we assessed the p value, odds ratio (OR), and 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Again, 13 eligible studies were selected for meta‐analysis, and RevMan 5.3 and the MetaGenyo web‐based tool were utilized. Results In terms of TNF‐α rs361525 polymorphism, the GA genotype (OR = 0.42, p = 0.0009), dominant model (OR = 0.51, p = 0.007), over‐dominant model (OR = 0.45, p = 0.001), and allelic model (OR = 0.53, p = 0.001) significantly reduced the risk of BC. On the other hand, the examination of the link between TNF‐α rs361525 and CC revealed that no genotype or allele exhibited a statistically significant association ( p > 0.05). Furthermore, the meta‐analysis of the rs361525 variant in association with BC did not reveal any statistically significant association among any genetic models across the overall and ethnic populations ( p > 0.05). Conclusion In summary, our research demonstrated that the rs361525 gene polymorphism in the TNF‐α locus may possess a protective effect against BC and CC in the Bangladeshi population. Furthermore, the meta‐analysis results suggested no link between rs361525 polymorphism and BC. We suggest carrying out future studies with a larger sample size on the other ethnic population and cutting‐edge genotyping technologies to obtain comprehensive and precise outcomes.