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The research aims to understand how historical anti-Chinese violence affects contemporary political attitudes and behaviors.

Violence and Bias: The Political Legacy of Anti-Chinese Violence in Indonesia

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The research aims to understand how historical anti-Chinese violence affects contemporary political attitudes and behaviors.
Analyzed unique survey data from individuals affected by anti-Chinese violence during 1996-1999.
Developed a theory of authoritarian indoctrination and cognitive dissonance regarding outgroup intolerance.
Found a correlation between proximity to ethnic violence and increased outgroup animosity today.
Highlighted the influence of childhood experiences during the autocratic era on current political behavior.

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Research reveals links between ethnic violence and political intolerance in Indonesia, suggesting historical legacies shape current biases.

Kim‐Leffingwell et al. (2025) studied this question.

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Research reveals links between ethnic violence and political intolerance in Indonesia, suggesting historical legacies shape current biases.