Evaluating Surgical Outcomes of Cataract Surgery in Patients with Diabetes

Background: Cataract surgery in patients with diabetes mellitus presents unique challenges and is associated with a higher risk of complications, potentially affecting visual recovery. Evaluating these outcomes is crucial for improving surgical protocols and patient counseling. Objective: To evaluate the visual outcomes and incidence of postoperative complications following cataract surgery in diabetic patients. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted at Department of Ophthalmology, Barind Medical College, Rajshahi, from January 2023 to December 2024. A purposive sample of 77 diabetic patients undergoing phacoemulsification surgery was enrolled. Comprehensive preoperative and postoperative examinations were performed. The main outcome measures were best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and the development of sight-threatening postoperative complications. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 23.0. Results: Analysis of 77 patients revealed 89.6% achieved a best-corrected visual acuity of ≥6/12. Common complications included corneal edema (19.5%) and cystoid macular edema (5.2%). Poor glycemic control (HbA1c >7.5%) significantly reduced the likelihood of achieving good vision (78.6% vs. 96.4%, p=0.032) and increased overall complications (55.1% vs. 10.7%, p<0.001). Pre-existing proliferative retinopathy was a significant risk factor for macular edema (p=0.012). Conclusion: Cataract surgery in diabetics yields excellent visual outcomes for most patients. However, poor glycemic control and pre-existing retinopathy significantly increase complication risks. Preoperative optimization and meticulous postoperative management are essential for maximizing surgical success in this high-risk population.