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December 20, 2025Scientific ReportsOpen Access

Femtogram-level VEGF detection via PEG-directed gold nanostructured electrochemical immunosensor

Badrossadat Mirmohamadi Ahmad Moshaii Sadaf Yarjoo Hossein Siampour Salim Alhafyan Reza H. Sajedi

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Key Points

To develop a sensitive electrochemical immunosensor for the detection of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).
Developed an immunosensor using gold nanostructures on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) electrodes.
Utilized a polyethylene glycol (PEG)-mediated electrochemical process for nanostructure growth.
Implemented a two-step immobilization strategy combining physical vapor deposition of gold and thermal annealing.
Applied cyclic voltammetry and impedance spectroscopy for electrochemical analysis.
Achieved a detection limit of 6 fg/mL for VEGF.
Demonstrated a broad linear detection range of 10 fg/mL to 10⁵ fg/mL.
Showed improved sensor stability and sensitivity confirmed by extensive electrochemical analyses.

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Implication

This immunosensor detects VEGF at femtogram levels, indicating its potential in early cancer diagnostics.

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Cite This Study

Mirmohamadi et al. (2025) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69473b226d4e3e600bff9f01 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-32997-6

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