Terra Lliure: Between Autonomy and Independence (1979—1995)

The article is devoted to the study of the activities of the armed left-wing radical organization Terra Lliure in Catalonia during the period from 1979 to 1995. The author analyzes the reasons for the group’s emergence, its ideological platform — combining Marxism, Catalan nationalism, and separatism — as well as its methods of armed struggle. Particular attention is given to the historical context: dissatisfaction among parts of Catalan society with the limited autonomy granted after Franco’s death, the repressive nature of the Francoist regime, and divisions within the independence movement. The article also examines the internal structure of the organization, its social composition, the crisis it faced, and its eventual dissolution, which was linked to increased repression and the transition of some of its members to legal political methods.