Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) are the most frequent adverse events of antitumor therapy. Uncontrolled CINV lead to a significant decrease in the quality of life of patients, nutritional insufficiency, breaking of the chemotherapy regimen. In clinical trials of antiemetic drugs, the “complete response” is used as the primary endpoint. A complete response is the absence of nausea and vomiting and the need for additional antiemetic drugs. To prevent CINV during chemotherapy, combinations of corticosteroids, 5-HT3 receptor antagonists, and NK1 receptor antagonists are used according to clinical guidelines. Additionally, the neuroleptic olanzapine can be used to prevent CINV during highly emetogenic chemotherapy. The oral combination of netupitant and palonosetron (Akynzeo) is a modern drug for the prevention of CINV. The oral combination of netupitant and palonosetron has shown high efficacy in randomized trials and real-world clinical practice. Therapy for breakthrough and refractory CINV remains a significant challenge. Olanzapine has shown high efficacy for the treatment of breakthrough and refractory CINV. Additional options for the prevention of CINV, such as ginger preparations and music therapy, are being studied.
Королева et al. (Mon,) studied this question.