《三国志》和《三国演义》诸葛亮北伐与出祁山之比较研究 A Comparative Study of Zhuge Liang’s Northern Expedition and the Qishan Mountain in the Annals of The Three Kingdoms and Romance of The Three Kingdoms

摘要 蜀汉是三国时期国力最弱小、也是最早灭亡的国家，但它却涌现出了很多英杰贤才，他们忠肝义胆、舍生取义的优秀品质广为后世推崇。蜀汉仅据一州之地，地狭民稀，但却常怀进取之心，矢志北伐一统天下，这便是蜀汉独特的魅力所在。在蜀汉与魏吴两国抗衡的四十余年中，诸葛亮北伐是最为重要、也是最受后世关注的历史事件，而关于诸葛亮北伐的次数和路线，正史和小说有不同的说法。笔者在本篇论文中会使用内容分析法统计《三国志》和《三国演义》中诸葛亮北伐的战果，从而论述《三国志》和《三国演义》中诸葛亮北伐与出祁山的异同，并分析造成此差异背后的原因，希望在前人的研究基础上补正纠偏，以供后人参考。 Abstract Shu Han was the weakest and the earliest state to perish during The Three Kingdoms period, but it had emerged a lot of heroes and sages, whose excellent qualities of loyalty and courage and sacrifice for justice were widely praised by later generations. Shu Han was only a state with a narrow land and few people, but it was always enterprising and determined to conquer the world through northern expedition. This was the unique charm of Shu Han. In the more than 40 years when Shu Han fought against Wei and Wu, Zhuge Liang's northern expedition is the most important historical event that attracts the most attention from later generations. As for the number and route of Zhuge Liang's northern expedition, there are different opinions between official history and novels. In this paper, the author will use the content analysis method to calculate the results of Zhuge Liang's northern expedition in the Annals of The Three Kingdoms and the Romance of The Three Kingdoms. So as to discuss the similarities and differences between Zhuge Liang's northern expedition and Qishan Mountain in the Annals of The Three Kingdoms and Romance of The Three Kingdoms, and analyzes the reasons behind the differences, hoping to correct the errors on the basis of previous studies for future generations