Variable precision fuzzy rough sets (VPFRSs) and multi-granulation fuzzy rough sets (MGFRSs) are both significant extensions of rough sets. However, existing variable precision models generally lack the inclusion property, which poses potential risks in applications. Meanwhile, multi-granulation models tend to emphasize either optimistic or pessimistic scenarios but overlook compromise situations. A generalized fuzzy remote neighborhood system is a symmetric union-fuzzified form of the neighborhood system, which can extend the fuzzy rough set model to a more general framework. Moreover, semi-grouping functions eliminate the left-continuity required for grouping functions and the associativity in t-conorms, making them more suitable for information aggregation. Therefore, to overcome the limitations of existing models, we propose an optimistic (OP), pessimistic (PE), and compromise (CO) variable precision fuzzy rough set (OPCAPFRS) based on generalized fuzzy remote neighborhood systems. The semi-grouping function and its residual minus are employed in the OPCAPFRS. We discuss the basic properties of the OPCAPFRS and prove that it satisfies the generalized inclusion property (GIP). This partially addresses the issue that a VPFRS cannot fulfill the inclusion property. A novel methodology for addressing multi-attribute decision-making (MADM) problems is developed through the fusion of the proposed OPCAPFRS framework and the VIKOR technique. The proposed method is applied to the problem of selecting an optimal CPU. Subsequently, comparative experiments and a parameter analysis are conducted to validate the effectiveness and stability of the proposed method. Finally, three sets of experiments are performed to verify the reliability and robustness of the new approach. It should be noted that the new method performed ranking on a dataset containing nearly ten thousand samples, obtaining both the optimal solution and a complete ranking, thereby validating its scalability.
Mei et al. (Sat,) studied this question.