The survival of Moroccan VSEs facing COVID-19: an integrated analysis using logistic regression and fsQCA

Purpose This study aims to investigate the resilience of Moroccan very small enterprises (VSEs) during the COVID-19 pandemic. It also aims to identify key survival factors – social capital, internal locus of control and adaptability – and to explore how these factors interact to determine business continuity during crises. Design/methodology/approach The research uses a mixed-methods approach, combining logistic regression with fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA). Data were collected via an online survey, yielding responses from 394 Moroccan entrepreneurs. This dual approach captures both linear effects and complex configurations of survival factors. Findings Configurational analysis reveals four distinct survival pathways, demonstrating equifinality in VSE resilience. Logistic regression identifies social capital, adaptability and internal locus of control as significant predictors. fsQCA shows these factors combine differently: larger firms succeed through resource advantage; established firms succeed through experience-network activation; adaptive firms succeed through operational flexibility under moderate shock; and socially resourceful firms succeed through network mobilization without strong internal control. These configurations demonstrate factor substitutability and resource synergies beyond individual effects. High social competence amplifies the positive impact of social capital on survival. Research limitations/implications Future research could adopt a longitudinal design to examine evolving resilience strategies and consider the roles of government policies and macroeconomic trends in shaping outcomes. Practical implications Policy recommendations include configuration-specific interventions – resource-sharing initiatives for adaptation-focused firms, network activation programs for established enterprises and integrated social competence development targeting the four identified survival pathways. Social implications Enhancing the resilience of VSEs can mitigate the socioeconomic impacts of crises by preserving employment and economic stability. Originality/value This study provides a nuanced understanding of VSE resilience by integrating linear and configurational analyses. It highlights the critical role of entrepreneurs’ resources and social networks and contributes to the literature on small business crisis management by demonstrating equifinality in survival strategies.