Agroecological sustainability analysis of small ruminants farms in the Saharan context of El Oued , Algeria

Abstract This study aims to quantify how structural constraints and management choices together shape agroecological sustainability in small ruminant systems within the arid and oasis contexts of El Oued, Algeria. Using the agroecological scale of the IDEA method combined with multivariate analysis techniques (Principal Component Analysis and K‐means clustering); the research constructs a detailed typology of farms. This approach helps isolate the impacts of land use strategies and capital endowment on environmental performance. Five distinct farm clusters were identified, ranging from extensive, low‐input systems to intensive, integrated agroecosystems. The analysis shows that while structural factors define the production limits, it is management choices that determine sustainability outcomes. Agroecological performance is maximized in systems that engage in extensive diversification and internal resource recycling. Specifically, integrated systems (Cluster 5), characterized by manure composting and legume fodder, demonstrate how adaptive, knowledge‐intensive management practices can overcome the severe physical limitations of the Sahara. On the other hand, farms relying on single strategies, such as pure extensification or heavy reliance on external inputs (Cluster 3), exhibit critical environmental shortcomings. These systems highlight the risks of decoupling productivity from ecosystem functions, leading to long‐term sustainability issues. The study concludes that promoting agroecological transitions in the Sahara is achievable with well‐targeted interventions. The research advocates for a shift in policy and practice from generic input support to fostering integrated crop‐livestock systems. Ensuring the sector's future depends on empowering farmers to optimize on‐farm nutrient cycles, promoting resource‐conserving, knowledge‐intensive, and solidarity‐based approaches.