The effects of sport participation on physical and cognitive function in older adults: systematic review and meta-analysis

Background Physical activity has a positive impact on the ageing process, but little is known about the benefits of sport for older adults. Aim The aim of this study was to review and synthesise the available literature regarding the effect of sport participation on physical and cognitive function in older adults. Methods After searching databases, 2422 studies were screened and a total of 16 studies met the eligibility criteria. Quality assessment was undertaken. Results The selected studies assessed either physical function, cognitive function or both. From the studies that assessed physical function ( n = 13), 9 (70%) reported significant improvements in timed up and go, repeated sit to stand, static balance postural sway or walking performance ( p < 0.05). Of the studies that assessed cognitive function ( n = 5), 5 (100%) reported significant improvements in attention and memory ( p < 0.05). The sport participation significantly improved physical function but not cognitive function. The physical benefits of sport participation could be explained through the quantity and quality of training. Conclusion Sport participation can increase physical function in older adults and should be promoted alongside other modes of physical activity.