Some Bioactive Natural Products from Diatoms: Structures, Biosyntheses, Biological Roles, and Properties: 2015–2025

Recently, as a result of growing interest in diatoms as sources of energy (biofuel) and valuable food components for humans and aquaculture organisms, new data on the structures and properties of diatom natural products have been obtained, including both endo- and exometabolites. Information about their biosynthesis, biological activity and roles, and their beneficial and hazardous properties has also emerged. The application of modern methods of molecular biology, metabolomics, and chemical ecology to the study of diatom natural products has improved the understanding of many important natural phenomena associated with diatoms, such as photosynthesis, harmful algal blooms, interactions of diatoms with other organisms of marine biota, and their impact on biogeochemical cycles and climate regulation. In this paper, we discuss various aspects of research on natural compounds from diatoms, covering the last decade, as well as prospects for their further development, which have become apparent in recent years.