Effect of risk factor-tailored autonomy enhancement education in the first-time middle-aged patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: a randomized controlled trial

Purpose It is important for middle-aged patients who have undergone acute treatment for coronary artery disease to voluntarily improve their lifestyle and risk factors based on their recognition as patients with chronic diseases. This study conducted individual education to improve risk factors and tried to verify its effectiveness. Methods The hypothesis was verified by applying a randomized controlled pre- and post-test design through random assignment of two groups. Middle-aged (40–64 years) patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention for the first time were recruited from a university hospital in Seoul, Korea. For the experimental group, based on the Self-Determination Theory, risk factor- tailored counseling and education were provided individually for one hour based on the education booklet, and telephone counseling was conducted twice for 12 weeks. Differences in autonomous motivation, resilience, self-care compliance and biochemical indicators measured after 12 weeks in the experimental group and the control group were compared. Data were analyzed using SPSS/WIN ver. 22.0. Results The autonomous motivation, resilience, and self-care compliance of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group ( p < .05). Body mass index ( p = .005) and current smoking rate ( p < .001) were also significantly decreased in the experimental group but there was no significant difference in other biochemical parameters. Conclusion For middle-aged patients with first coronary intervention, risk factor-tailored education emphasizing autonomy by nurses should be provided early after discharge. Trial registration This study was retrospectively registered in the Clinical Research Information Service and the identification number is KCT0008698(11/08/2023).