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January 10, 2026International Journal of Molecular SciencesOpen Access

Leptin, Interleukin 6, and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor as Potential Predictors of Primary Hypertension in Children and Adolescents with Obesity

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Why the study?

Increasing prevalence of obesity-related primary arterial hypertension in pediatric populations creates a need for new biomarkers to aid in clinical prevention or early diagnosis.

Are serum levels of leptin, IL-6, and VEGF associated with primary arterial hypertension in children with obesity?

Population

78 children, including 60 with obesity and 18 with normal weight

Comparison

Children with obesity vs normal-weight controls

Key result

Leptin, IL-6, and VEGF were identified as promising biomarkers for predicting primary arterial hypertension in children with obesity, correlating positively with blood pressure values.

Authors

ASAnna SośnickaMJMarta JaskulakIRIzabela Rysz

Discussion

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Overview

Does not support clinical adoption in obese children; extends observational associations but leaves predictive utility open.

Key Points

  • The study aims to assess the relationship between specific adipokines and cytokines with blood pressure in obese children.
  • Evaluated 78 children—60 with obesity and 18 normal weight.
  • Measured blood pressure according to clinical guidelines.
  • Assessed serum levels of leptin, IL-6, VEGF, and other markers using multiplex immunoassays.
  • Conducted correlation and ROC analysis to identify predictors of primary arterial hypertension.
  • Obese children had significantly higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure than controls (p < 0.0001).
  • Serum levels of leptin, IL-6, and VEGF were increased in obese participants.
  • Positive correlations found between leptin, IL-6, and resistin with blood pressure (p < 0.05).
  • ROC analysis highlighted leptin, IL-6, and VEGF as key biomarkers for predicting hypertension.

Structured PICO

Are serum levels of leptin, IL-6, and VEGF associated with primary arterial hypertension in children with obesity?

P
Population
78 children, including 60 with obesity (study group) and 18 with normal weight (control group).
I
Intervention
Measurement of serum metabolic and inflammatory markers (leptin, adiponectin, resistin, ghrelin, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, VEGF, insulin)
C
Comparator
Normal weight children
O
Outcome
Correlation between adipokines/cytokines and blood pressure values, and predictive value for primary arterial hypertension (PAH)surrogate

Serum levels of leptin, IL-6, and VEGF are potential biomarkers for predicting primary arterial hypertension in children and adolescents with obesity.

Cite This Study

Sośnicka et al. (2026) studied this question. Leptin, IL-6, and VEGF were identified as promising biomarkers for predicting primary arterial hypertension in children with obesity, correlating positively with blood pressure values.

synapsesocial.com/papers/696321d091e05aa366cb8146https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27020559
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