Key result
DHA and EPA reduce pro-inflammatory gene expression and monocyte chemotaxis in CAD cardiac adipocytes.
Why the study?
Under proatherogenic conditions, EAT and PAT acquire inflammatory phenotypes contributing to coronary atherosclerosis, while recent data show an inverse relationship with n-3 PUFAs.
Does docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid reduce inflammation in an ex-vivo model of cardiac adipocytes from patients with coronary artery disease?
Does docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid reduce inflammation in an ex-vivo model of cardiac adipocytes from patients with coronary artery disease?
p-value: p=<0.05
DHA and EPA mitigate the inflammatory profile of cardiac adipocytes from CAD patients by targeting NRF2 and NF-κB pathways, providing mechanistic insight into the cardiovascular benefits of omega-3 PUFAs.
Ex vivo DHA/EPA effects on cardiac adipocyte inflammation are hypothesis-generating; leaves open translation to CAD outcomes or practice change.
< 0.05). This downregulation was accompanied by increased expression of uncoupling proteins (UCP)1 and 2 and heme-oxygenase (HO)-1 and of the anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving lipid mediator resolvin D1. Mechanistically, this protective modulation appears to be driven by the upregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR)-γ and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (NRF)2, leading to increased NRF2 activity and suppressed NF-κB signaling. Functionally, supernatants from DHA-conditioned adipocytes exhibited reduced monocyte-attracting activity in chemotaxis assays. While EPA conditioning produced effects similar to DHA, arachidonic acid (AA) showed no significant biological effects. In conclusion, DHA and EPA mitigated the PAT inflammatory profile, highlighting the potential therapeutic role of such PUFAs in reducing cardiac adipose tissue inflammation. These results may have implications for treatment of CAD patients.
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Quarta et al. (2026) studied Coronary artery disease (n=12). DHA and EPA vs. Untreated control was evaluated on mRNA expression levels of pro-inflammatory genes (MCP-1, IL-6, MMP-9, CXCL10) (p=<0.05). Ex vivo exposure of cardiac adipocytes from CAD patients to DHA and EPA significantly reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory genes and monocyte chemotaxis.
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