Key result
Novel DES p.Glu353dup variant causes myofibrillar myopathy and muscle weakness via abnormal desmin aggregation.
Why the study?
In-frame insertions in DES are very rare and typically classified as variants of uncertain significance or likely pathogenic due to limited predictive or experimental evidence.
The novel DES p.Glu353dup variant is pathogenic and causes myofibrillar myopathy by disrupting desmin filament homeostasis and inducing aberrant aggregation.
Supports pathogenicity assessment of DES in-frame insertions; leaves open diagnostic reclassification without human validation.
Background Desmin (DES) is a major intermediate filament protein involved in the structural integrity and function of striated muscles. Pathogenic mutations in DES are predominantly missense variants, causing isolated cardiomyopathy and combinations of myopathy and cardiomyopathy. In-frame insertions are very rare and usually classified as variants of uncertain significance or likely pathogenic due to limited predictive and/or experimental evidence. Methods This study describes a novel heterozygous in-frame insertion in exon 6 of DES (RefSeq NM_001927.4:c.1059_1061dup) identified in an Argentine family with myofibrillar myopathy (MFM). This mutation results in the duplication of a glutamic acid residue at position 353 (NP_001918.3:p.(Glu353dup)), in the 2B subdomain of the central rod domain. Clinical, computational and functional analyses were performed to study the pathogenicity of this variant. Results Clinically, the index patient exhibited hallmark MFM features, including progressive muscle weakness, atrophy and fatty muscle replacement. In silico analyses of molecular dynamics revealed that p.Glu353dup alters DES dimer assembly by stabilising an aberrant coiled-coil conformation, a mechanism not previously proposed for DES mutations. Functional studies in HEK293T cells and C2C12 myocytes suggested that the p.Glu353dup variant induces aberrant DES aggregation, confirming its detrimental effect on filament organisation. Conclusion These findings are consistent with the idea that p.Glu353dup is a pathogenic variant, supported by clinical studies, in silico protein modelling and functional evidence, highlighting the impact of in-frame insertions on DES filament homeostasis. By providing computational and experimental evidence, this study expands our understanding of desminopathies and offers new perspectives for pathogenicity assessment of uncertain DES variants.
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Castañeda et al. (2025) studied this question. The novel DES variant p.Glu353dup causes myofibrillar myopathy, leading to progressive muscle weakness and abnormal desmin aggregation.
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