What question did this study set out to answer?

This research aims to quantify relative survival rates in colorectal cancer across different racial and ethnic groups.

January 14, 2026Journal of Clinical Oncology0 citations

Relative survival at 1, 3, 5, and 10 years by race/ethnicity in colorectal cancer: A SEER-based analysis.

ACAura Maria CalderonThe University of Texas Rio Grande Valley IMIvan MogollonThe University of Texas Rio Grande Valley SGShubhank GoyalThe University of Texas Rio Grande Valley

Key Points

This research aims to quantify relative survival rates in colorectal cancer across different racial and ethnic groups.
Conducted a population-based retrospective analysis using SEER data
Analyzed colorectal cancer cases across different races/ethnicities
Estimated relative survival rates at 1, 3, 5, and 10 years
1-year relative survival rates were 84.7% for Hispanic, 82.7% for non-Hispanic White, and 80.6% for non-Hispanic Black
3-year relative survival rates were 70.9% for Hispanic, 71.1% for non-Hispanic White, and 65.5% for non-Hispanic Black
Long-term survival gaps widened with non-Hispanic Black having consistently lowest rates

Abstract

50 Background: Colorectal cancer remains a leading cause of cancer death in the United States. Population-based estimates of short, intermediate, and long-term relative survival (RS) by race/ethnicity can reveal inequities and guide actionable improvements in screening, diagnostics, and biomarker-driven therapy. Methods: We performed a retrospective, population-based analysis of CRC cases from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program (colon and rectal cancers, both sexes, all ages; appendix excluded). Primary outcomes were 1-, 3-, 5-, and 10-year RS overall and by stage, estimated using standard life-table methods. Race/ethnicity groups were Hispanic, non-Hispanic White (NHW), and non-Hispanic Black (NHB). In planned stratified analyses, we assess RS by stage (localized, regional, distant) and tumor subsite (proximal/distal colon, rectum). Results: Among patients with CRC, RS at 1/3/5/10 years was 84.7/70.9/63.5/55.7% for Hispanic, 82.7/71.1/65.2/58.9% for NHW, and 80.6/65.5/58.5/52.1% for NHB. Early survival (1 year) was high across groups, but gaps widened at 3–10 years, with NHB consistently lowest and Hispanic intermediate between NHW and NHB. Stage-specific contrasts were directionally similar; for distant-stage disease overall, 3-year RS was ~24%. These patterns suggest contribution from unequal access to timely diagnosis, universal tumor MMR testing, and guideline-concordant, biomarker-directed therapy. Conclusions: Meaningful racial/ethnic gaps in intermediate and long-term RS persist in U.S. CRC despite relatively high early survival. Findings support system-level actions: culturally tailored screening (FIT/colonoscopy), rapid diagnostic evaluation, universal tumor MMR with reflex germline testing when indicated, and equitable delivery of guideline-concordant, biomarker-directed treatments (e.g., anti-EGFR/anti-VEGF in appropriate molecular contexts; immune checkpoint inhibitors for MSI-H). Future work linking treatment receipt to RS will help quantify how modern regimens influence disparities. Study summary and key outcomes. Item Value Source & design SEER, population-based retrospective analysis Time points 1-, 3-, 5-, and 10-year relative survival 1-year RS Hispanic 84.7% (95% CI 84.5–84.9) | NHW 82.7% (82.6–82.8) | NHB 80.6% (80.3–80.8) 3-year RS Hispanic 70.9% (70.7–71.2) | NHW 71.1% (70.9–71.2) | NHB 65.5% (65.2–65.8) 5-year RS Hispanic 63.5% (63.2–63.8) | NHW 65.2% (65.1–65.4) | NHB 58.5% (58.2–58.8) 10-year RS Hispanic 55.7% (55.3–56.1) | NHW 58.9% (58.7–59.1) | NHB 52.1% (51.6–52.5)

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