Abstract Background Optimizing vaccines against co-circulating COVID-19 and influenza, especially coadministration, offers several logistical advantages. While CDC supports coadministration and uptake is rising (BNT162b2 co-administration with other respiratory vaccines: 2.7% 2021 to 34.1% 2023), overall dual vaccine coverage of COVID and influenza vaccines remains low (19.2% US adults, 2023-24), with higher co-administration among COVID-19 vaccine recipients (48.5%) than influenza recipients (22.9%). Following WHO’s 2021 interim guidance on this, several RCTs were initiated. We conducted the first SRMA, synthesizing their results.Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses Flow Chart Methods We followed PRISMA guidelines (PROSPERO: CRD420251035890). PubMed, Cochrane CENTRAL, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched on 04.01.2025, and RCTs comparing concomitant (same visit) vs. sequential (separate visits, interval 0 days, influenza first or COVID first) administration of any COVID-19/influenza vaccine in individuals 5 years were included. Two reviewers performed screening, and RoB assessment using RoB2.0. Non-inferiority (NI) margins were defined as GMR lower CI 0.67 HAI titers; 0.80 Anti-Spike IgG. GMRs were pooled using REML random-effects models (Stata v18.5) and RR (RevMan 5.4.1) for solicited local (pain, redness, swelling) 0.89 (0.78–1.02, p=0.09) for COVID-19-first and significantly 0.86 (0.81–0.92, p 0.001) for influenza-first schedules, but lower CI met NI threshold. Influenza HAI titers’ pooled GMRs met NI criteria for all strains (A/H1N1 0.94 0.88–1.00; A/H3N2 0.96 0.89–1.03; B/Victoria 0.95 0.90–1.00; B/Yamagata 0.96 0.91–1.01). Solicited AEs showed no significant differences between groups (Fig. 4). Serious AEs were rare and comparable. Conclusion Co-administration shows comparable safety and non-inferior immunogenicity versus sequential administration, despite modest reduction in Anti-Spike IgG Antibodies. It should be promoted, especially for flu vacinees. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures
Chauhan et al. (Thu,) studied this question.