Case report demonstrates improvement of pleural effusion and quality of life in an HIV-negative patient, suggesting effective steroid treatment.
Non‐HIV‐infected people with pulmonary tuberculosis can develop paradoxical worsening of lung conditions, including massive pleural effusion, which at times requires multiple drainage. This paradoxical immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome can successfully be treated with a short course of steroids, resulting in symptom, quality of life, and imaging improvements.
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Gissa et al. (2026) studied this question.
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