Surface reinforcement of rice straw fibers for epoxy composites by ultrasonic, plasma, and sodium carbonate-assisted hybrid treatments

Key Points

• To evaluate the effects of surface reinforcement techniques on the properties of epoxy composites using rice straw fibers.
• Utilized ultrasonic and sodium carbonate treatments to reinforce rice straw fibers.
• Compared the strength and interfacial properties of treated and untreated fiber composites.
• Conducted tests to assess improvements in composite performance.
• Surface treatment significantly improved the composite strength.
• Enhanced interfacial properties were observed in treated epoxy composites.