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January 14, 2026Buildings1 citationsOpen Access

Deformation Mechanisms in Deep Foundation Excavation in Water-Rich Sand: A Comparative Analysis

Spatiotemporal Evolution and Deformation Mechanism of Deep Foundation Excavation in Water-Rich Sand Strata: A Comparative Study of Monitoring and Simulation

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Authors

YSYongming SiChina Communications Construction Company (China)YXYing XiaoXinjiang Agricultural UniversityKZKaiqiang ZhuChina Communications Construction Company (China)

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Overview

Comparative analysis reveals stress relaxation and dewatering impact vertical displacement in deep foundation excavations.

Key Points

  • This research examines the spatiotemporal evolution and mechanisms of deformation in deep foundation excavations in water-rich sand.
  • Field monitoring data was compared with 3D numerical simulation.
  • The study focused on a subway station project in Xi’an.
  • Deformation patterns were analyzed from measurement and simulation results.
  • The field monitoring revealed a transition from bulging to step-like deformation patterns.
  • Maximum surface settlement measured was 7.8 mm, exceeding the simulated value of 1.2 mm.
  • Stress relaxation and seepage forces significantly influenced deformation outcomes.

Cite This Study

Si et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6966f31d13bf7a6f02c00d50https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings16020317
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  3. 3Numerical Investigation of Ground Surface Settlement Induced by Dewatering and Excavation of Deep Foundation Pits in Water-Rich Sandy Strata2026 · 1 citations
  4. 4Investigation of Deformation Characteristics Induced by Dewatering During Partitioned Excavation of Deep Metro Foundation Pits in Spring Domains2026
  5. 5Ground Settlement and Mechanical Response of a Deep Excavation in Soft Soils: A Field and Semi‐Analytical‐Based Case Study in Shenzhen, China2026