Nanoconfinement-induced high-rate performance of hard carbon for densified sodium clusters storage

Key Points

• The study aims to investigate how nanoconfinement affects the performance of hard carbon as an anode material in sodium-ion batteries.
• Analyzed the effects of nanoconfinement on hard carbon properties.
• Evaluated initial Coulombic efficiency and reversible capacity.
• Compared performance with traditional sodium-ion battery anodes.
• Nanoconfined hard carbon showed significantly higher initial Coulombic efficiency.
• Improved reversible capacity was observed compared to non-confined counterparts.
• Enhanced rate performance indicated the potential for better energy storage.