This study evaluated the effects of preemptively administered nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on wound healing, inflammation, and oxidative stress in rats. 24 male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to four groups: no NSAID (Control), preemptive NSAID (Group 1), postoperative NSAID (Group 2), and pre- and postoperative NSAID (Group 3). As a NSAID, Celecoxib (20 mg/kg/day) was administered via oral gavage. A standardized mandibular burr-hole bone defect was created. Animals were euthanized at 1, 2, or 4 weeks postoperatively. Bone healing was evaluated histologically using the Emery scoring system. M1 and M2 macrophages were identified via immunohistochemistry. Interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, interleukin-10, transforming growth factor-β, prostaglandin E₂, and oxidative stress markers including total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), and oxidative stress index (OSI) were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. No statistically significant differences were observed among groups in bone healing scores, macrophage counts, or cytokine levels; however, TAS was significantly higher in Group 1 and lower in Group 2 at week 1 ( p = 0.023). OSI showed a consistent temporal pattern, with Group 1 exhibiting the lowest OSI at week 1, although this difference was not statistically significant. Given the small sample size, these findings should be interpreted as preliminary and hypothesis-generating rather than conclusive. Preemptive celecoxib administration appeared to modulate early inflammatory and oxidative responses without impairing bone regeneration. Further adequately powered studies are required to confirm these early trends.
Avağ et al. (Tue,) studied this question.