What question did this study set out to answer?

To analyze the causes of forest loss in Indonesia from 2000 to 2022, focusing on demographic factors and foreign direct investment.

January 16, 2026Open Access

Revisiting Population Pressure and the Pollution Haven Hypothesis: Evidence from Forest Loss in Indonesia

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Investigates forest loss in Indonesia, revealing how demographics and investment influence deforestation dynamics.

To analyze the causes of forest loss in Indonesia from 2000 to 2022, focusing on demographic factors and foreign direct investment.
Analyzed annual time series data from 2000-2022
Used multiple linear regression to examine relationships
Controlled for demographic factors, FDI, and economic growth
Data sourced from World Development Indicators and Global Forest Watch
Examined sector-specific impacts on deforestation
Population has a significant negative effect on forest loss
Foreign direct investment contributes positively to forest loss, especially in mining and plantations
Economic growth showed no significant effect on deforestation
Investment direction and governance were key factors in deforestation dynamics
Population redistribution and urbanization moderate the effects of deforestation

Septriani Septriani* (2025) studied this question.

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