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January 17, 2026Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry

Examination of the reproductive effects of fluorine-free foam alternative exposure on fathead minnows ( Pimephales promelas )

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Authors

JHJason T. HovermanDJDevin K. JonesMLMelissa E. Lech

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Overview

Chronic exposure tests evaluate reproductive toxicity in fathead minnows, suggesting ecological risks of foam alternatives.

Key Points

  • Assess the reproductive and physiological impacts of fluorine-free foam alternatives on fathead minnows.
  • Conducted 21-day chronic exposure tests with six fluorine-free foams and one traditional foam.
  • Measured daily egg production and reproductive events in female minnows.
  • Evaluated gonadosomatic index (GSI) and hepatosomatic index (HSI).
  • One fluorine-free foam and the traditional foam showed significant reproductive toxicity in minnows.
  • Daily egg production for the fluorine-free foam was reduced by 81-82% at high concentrations.
  • Buckeye foam decreased daily egg production by 78-97% and reproductive events by 63-93% at high concentrations.

Cite This Study

Hoverman et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/696b25a9d2a12237a9348f0ahttps://doi.org/10.1093/etojnl/vgag007
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