pH-dependent transport of neonicotinoid pesticides in saturated soil: single and combined functions of rhamnolipid and biochar colloids

Key Points

• To investigate how rhamnolipid and biochar colloids affect the transport of neonicotinoid pesticides in saturated soil across different pH levels.
• Conducted experiments in saturated soil at varying pH levels (5.0–9.0)
• Assessed the transport of neonicotinoid pesticides in the presence of rhamnolipid and biochar
• Measured the inhibitory effects of biochar colloids on pesticide transport
• Rhamnolipid reduced the inhibitory effects of biochar on neonicotinoid pesticide transport
• The interaction effects varied significantly across the tested pH levels