Excavation Stability of Tunnel Structure in Water-Rich Areas

To investigate the influence of different water-rich conditions on tunnel excavation stability, three typical working conditions were designed based on the engineering characteristics of tunnels in water-rich areas (with groundwater levels 70 m, 55 m, and 40 m from the tunnel bottom, respectively). Numerical simulation research on tunnel excavation stability was carried out using the finite difference method. The results show that the influence of surrounding rock mechanical strength indexes on pore water pressure distribution is significantly greater than that of water-rich conditions; under the action of pore water pressure, the displacements of different parts of the tunnel structure exhibit differentiated characteristics, with the displacement of the arch foot being larger than that of the vault; the tunnel bottom is a high-risk area for geological hazards such as shear failure and mud burst, which requires key prevention and control. The research results can provide data support and technical reference for disaster early warning and support design optimization of tunnel projects in water-rich areas.