Sport and recreation after revascularization, pacemakers implantation or valve replacement: Insights and future perspectives

In the last few years, numerous recommendations of the European Association of Cardiologists and guides of the European Association for Preventive Cardiology - Sports Cardiology section and Secondary prevention/Cardiac rehabilitation section pointed the importance and positive effects of physical activity on functional capacity improvement, reduction of mortality and reduction of rehospitalization rates. Physical activity and playing sports are recommended for individuals in accordance with personal affinities, age, comorbidities, cardiovascular risk factors, and for cardiology patients after prior evaluation and classification of the underlying disease and associated risks. Sports cardiology is a field that is constantly developing. Till today, there are no unique registries or documents with unique recommendations for patients after revascularization, after the implantation of a pacemaker and replacement of valves. We analyze the available data from the literature, recommendations and guides, the basic algorithms for sports and recreation of these patients and highlight the necessity and importance of future research in the field.