Design and Performance Evaluation of Regenerative Braking Systems in Electric Vehicles

Improving energy utilization is a major challenge in the development of electric vehicles due totheir dependence on limited onboard energy storage systems. In conventional braking systems,the kinetic energy of a moving vehicle is dissipated as heat, resulting in significant energy loss.Regenerative braking systems offer an effective solution by converting a portion of this kineticenergy into electrical energy during deceleration and storing it for later use. This paper presents acomprehensive and original review of regenerative braking systems employed in electricvehicles from a mechanical engineering perspective. The operating principle, system designconsiderations, braking control strategies, and performance characteristics are discussed in detail.Additionally, the advantages, limitations, and future research directions of regenerative brakingsystems are analyzed. The study aims to provide a clear understanding of regenerative brakingtechnology and its role in enhancing the efficiency and sustainability of electric vehicles.