The importance of recognizing the harmful effects of hyperoxia in the treatment of cardiac patients

Non-selective use of oxygen therapy can lead to the development of hyperoxia, which is known to cause harmful consequences on multiple organ systems through various mechanisms. Besides its detrimental effects on pulmonary parenchyma, the cardiovascular system represents another target where the detrimental effects of hyperoxia manifest. The pathogenetic mechanism of hyperoxia is based on reducing the bioavailability of NO, increasing systemic vascular resistance, inducing vasoconstriction, reducing oxygen supply to tissues, and inducing additional cellular mechanisms that lead to apoptosis of myocardial cells, decreased stroke volume, and cardiac output. These pathogenetic changes can worsen the clinical condition, especially in patients with myocardial infarction and heart failure. Clinicians need to pay attention to optimal oxygen therapy in specific indications and appropriate dosing (dosage), and highlight the potential harmful effects of hyperoxia that can significantly affect the clinical course of patients.