Target-Centric Approaches for Camel Milk Adulteration Detection: A Review of Protein, Metabolite and Gene Based Analytical Strategies

AbstractMilk fraud is a critical challenge for food safety and the dairy industry. To ensure product authenticity, various detection technologies have been developed and implemented. These methods cover key analytical targets such as proteins, lipids, small molecule metabolites, aromatic compounds and DNA and incorporate detection techniques such as chromatography, spectroscopy, immunology and biosensors. This review article presents an in depth analysis of advances in the field of camel milk authenticity verification studies. This analysis focuses on the evolution of methods for detecting adulteration, taking into account various target components. In addition, the article explores the technological development of detection techniques, highlighting their applicability in a variety of scenarios. The main objective of this study was to provide technical support to promote the sustainable development of the camel milk industry.