You should leave 8 mm of space above the abstract and 10 mm after the abstract. The heading Abstract should be typed in bold 9-point Arial. The body of the Faced with the growing frequency and intensity of urban flooding, particularly in Moroccan cities undergoing rapid and poorly planned urbanization, valley management is a strategic issue that is both environmental and territorial in nature. As a territory exposed to complex dynamics, the Fez metropolitan area provides an ideal case study for developing an integrated model for urban valley management, aimed at reducing flood risk and enhancing the ecological value of river environments. The approach adopted is based on an integrated analysis of hydrogeomorphological dynamics, land use patterns, and socio-environmental vulnerability indicators. Modeling hydraulic hazards, analyzing hydrogeomorphological features, and assessing the ecological functions of valleys have helped identify sustainable development solutions such as riverbed restoration, the creation of buffer zones, and the integration of green infrastructure. The results highlight the need for collaborative territorial governance and prior environmental assessment to guide development proposals. The objective is to contribute to international debates on integrated water resource management and urban resilience by proposing operational recommendations for sustainable land-use planning based on the ecological and functional potential of valleys.
Rassam et al. (Thu,) studied this question.