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To estimate deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) attributable to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Libya from 1970 to 2024.

January 18, 2026AntibioticsOpen Access

Burden of Bacterial Antimicrobial Resistance in Libya, 1970–2024: A Systematic Meta-Analysis with Projections to 2050

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To estimate deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) attributable to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Libya from 1970 to 2024.
Conducted a systematic meta-analysis based on PRISMA 2020 guidelines.
Analyzed data from 62 Libyan studies and national surveillance records reporting phenotypic/genotypic resistance.
Standardized susceptibility results according to CLSI/EUCAST and WHO GLASS protocols.
Utilized random-effects meta-regression to estimate pooled resistance rates.
Employed the Global Burden of Disease counterfactual approach for estimating AMR-attributable DALYs.
Estimated 2,183 deaths attributable to AMR in 2024, accounting for 9.7% of total deaths.
Observed an increase in DALYs attributable to AMR from 14,628 in 1970 to 96,715 in 2024.
Identified high pooled resistance rates in carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii and multi-drug resistant Enterobacterales.

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This meta-analysis estimates AMR-attributable deaths and DALYs in Libya, suggesting urgent data collection needs.

Bleiblo et al. (2026) studied this question.

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