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To investigate the efficiency of nitric acid modified activated carbon for lead removal from industrial effluents.

Adsorptive removal of Pb(II) from industrial effluent using nitric acid modified activated carbon: Optimization using Taguchi method

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To investigate the efficiency of nitric acid modified activated carbon for lead removal from industrial effluents.
Characterization of adsorbent using FTIR, SEM, and XRD analyses.
Batch adsorption experiments to evaluate effects of adsorbent dose, pH, and contact time.
Optimization using Taguchi design method and analysis of factors based on SNR analysis.
Identification of isotherm and kinetic models for understanding adsorption behaviors.
Optimal conditions for lead adsorption were pH 6, 0.05 g adsorbent dose, and 240 minutes contact time.
Maximum lead uptake capacity achieved was 9.93 mg/g.
pH was identified as the most significant factor with an F-value of 28.07 through ANOVA analysis.
Adsorption followed the Langmuir isotherm model and second-order kinetic model.

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The study examines lead removal in wastewater using modified carbon, suggesting effective treatment strategies.

Meshram et al. (2026) studied this question.

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