What question did this study set out to answer?

The aim is to compare the diagnostic efficacy of targeted next-generation sequencing (tNGS) and metagenomic NGS (mNGS) for pulmonary infections in patients with hematological malignancies.

January 20, 2026Open Access

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Targeted next-generation sequencing has comparable clinical value to metagenomic NGS for pulmonary infections in hematological malignancy patients: a real-world propensity score-matched study

YXYulian XiaoCentral South University YTyishu tangCentral South University YYYuhan YanCentral South University

Key Points

The aim is to compare the diagnostic efficacy of targeted next-generation sequencing (tNGS) and metagenomic NGS (mNGS) for pulmonary infections in patients with hematological malignancies.
Conducted a real-world propensity score-matched analysis.
Evaluated patients suspected of having pulmonary infections.
Compared diagnostic performance between tNGS and mNGS.
tNGS demonstrated comparable diagnostic efficacy to mNGS for pulmonary infections.
Similar clinical value was noted regardless of immunodeficiency state.
tNGS is effective for diagnosing non-severe pneumonia, while mNGS is recommended for severe cases.

Abstract

In HM patients suspected of pulmonary infection, BALF-tNGS showed comparable diagnostic efficacy as BALF-mNGS, with similar clinical value across varying immunodeficiency states. tNGS is a viable alternative for non-severe pneumonia, while mNGS is superior in severe cases. Collectively, the findings of this study highlight tNGS as an alternative diagnostic approach for HM patients.

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Targeted next-generation sequencing has comparable clinical value to metagenomic NGS for pulmonary infections in hematological malignancy patients: a real-world propensity score-matched study

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Abstract

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