Abstract Air connectivity serves as a crucial factor in determining the competitiveness of destinations, influencing how cities draw in tourism, business, and investment. Effective air networks improve accessibility, shorten travel durations, and broaden market reach, which directly affects a city’s visibility on the international stage and its economic outcomes. In Europe, where regional integration and mobility are critical for advancement, air connectivity acts as both a catalyst for tourism and a facilitator of significant urban and economic development. Areas with strong and diverse air connections generally experience a rise in visitor numbers, improved business opportunities, and a more favorable international reputation, while those with limited access often struggle to compete globally. Furthermore, cooperation among airports, airlines and urban stakeholders is an essential for enhancing competitiveness and ensuring sustainable growth over time. Moreover, the coorperation between airports, airlines and other stakesholders is essential for competitiveness and sustainable growth. Consequently, air connectivity goes beyond simple transportation; it represents a city’s openness, innovation, and ability to engage globally. In this context, the strength of Europe’s air networks is fundamental to the competitiveness of its cities, promoting not only mobility and tourism but also cultural exchange and economic resilience.
Tileaga et al. (Mon,) studied this question.