Thermal radiation from high-yield airbursts constitutes a major damage mechanism. To address thermal radiation transmission in complex environments, a ray-tracing-based computational model is developed. This model incorporates atmospheric attenuation, fireball dynamic evolution, building shadowing, and ground/building reflections. Numerical results demonstrate that building shadowing and ground/building reflections significantly alter the thermal radiation distribution in such environments. The impact of ground and building reflections is directly related to surface reflectivity. At a reflectivity of 0.3, reflected radiation can reach 43% of the direct component. While multi-reflection effects are negligible at low reflectivity, they become significant at higher reflectivity values and must be considered in calculations.
Gao et al. (Tue,) studied this question.