What question did this study set out to answer?

This research aims to explore how front-rear tire stiffness asymmetry affects vibration comfort in e-scooters across various speeds and surface roughness levels.

January 22, 2026MachinesOpen Access

Multibody Dynamic Analysis of an E-Scooter Considering Asymmetric Tire Stiffness, Speed, and Surface Roughness

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Authors

EMEduardo Xavier Vaca MichilenaPolitecnica Salesiana University JCJuan David Cano-MorenoUniversidad Politécnica de Madrid

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Implication

Analysis of tire stiffness effects on comfort in e-scooters, suggesting optimal configurations for safety.

Key Points

This research aims to explore how front-rear tire stiffness asymmetry affects vibration comfort in e-scooters across various speeds and surface roughness levels.
Utilized real tire stiffness data for rigid and inflatable tires at different pressures.
Assessed vibration transmission at speeds of 10, 20, and 30 km/h.
Evaluated two roughness levels (low and high) following UNE-ISO 2631-1:2008.
Employed a multiple-regression model for analysis.
Speed and surface roughness account for 98.9% of the comfort response.
Tire stiffness contributes a minor yet useful 1.1% in comfort tuning.
Comfort index variations exceed 14% between different front-rear pressure combinations.
Inflatable tire configurations yield better comfort compared to solid tires.

Cite This Study

Michilena et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6971bdec642b1836717e299b https://doi.org/10.3390/machines14010120

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Multibody Dynamic Analysis of an E-Scooter Considering Asymmetric Tire Stiffness, Speed, and Surface Roughness

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Key Points

Cite This Study

Multibody Dynamic Analysis of an E-Scooter Considering Asymmetric Tire Stiffness, Speed, and Surface Roughness

Discussion

Member takes

Implication

Key Points

Cite This Study

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