What question did this study set out to answer?

The aim is to understand how cognitive warfare manipulates perceptions and to propose improvements in countermeasures.

January 22, 2026Open Access

War is a mind game: countering weaponised information

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Cognitive warfare exploits vulnerabilities, revealing a need for better strategies against manipulation.

The aim is to understand how cognitive warfare manipulates perceptions and to propose improvements in countermeasures.
Analysis of NATO's existing countermeasures like pre-bunking and strategic communications.
Identification of psychological and cognitive vulnerabilities targeted in cognitive warfare.
Examination of critical traits exploited in information manipulation.
NATO's measures inadequately address deeper cognitive vulnerabilities.
Identification of emotions and cognitive biases as key targets in cognitive warfare.
Highlighting the importance of understanding manipulation techniques for effective counteraction.

Havlík et al. (2025) studied this question.

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