Documentation reveals diagnostic methods for weather models, highlighting implications for forecasting accuracy.
This document describes methods for diagnosing non-prognostic variables from explicit prognostic variables from hourly updated NOAA models from 2020 onward. A previous diagnostics technical memorandum (Benjamin et al. 2021a) described diagnostics for earlier versions of the hourly updated models. Here, we describe diagnostics applicable to the High-Resolution Rapid Refresh (HRRRv4) and Rapid Refresh (RAPv5) models implemented in December 2020 and to the Rapid Refresh Forecast System (RRFS) starting in 2026. The code for these diagnostics resides primarily within the Unified Post-Processor (Unipost or UPP) program used for common NOAA NCEP modeling system output.
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Benjamin et al. (2026) studied this question.
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