Dual Modification of Guar Meal via Fermentation and Enzyme Treatment Enhances Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility and Gut Morphology in Broilers

This study investigated the effects of enzyme‐treated and fermented guar meal (GM) at varying inclusion levels (3%, 6% and 9%) on broiler performance, carcass traits, nutrient digestibility and ileal histomorphology during the finisher phase. Birds fed fermented or enzyme‐treated GM at 3% and 6% levels showed significantly higher feed intake, body weight gain and improved feed conversion ratios ( p < 0.01) compared to those receiving 9% inclusion or untreated GM. Apparent digestibility of crude protein, fibre, energy and minerals (Ca and P) was markedly enhanced in birds fed treated GM, particularly at 3% inclusion. Carcass yield and eviscerated weight were superior in fermented and enzyme‐treated groups at 3% inclusion, while abdominal fat was reduced. Histological evaluation revealed improved villus height, surface area and villus height‐to‐crypt depth ratio in treated groups, with fermented GM at 3% showing the most favourable gut morphology. In contrast, 9% untreated GM impaired nutrient utilization and gut structure. Overall, dual modification of GM via fermentation or enzyme treatment, particularly at lower inclusion levels (3% and 6%), enhances broiler performance and intestinal health, making it a viable strategy for alternative protein supplementation in broiler diets.