Doppler Waveform Alterations of the Supratesticular Artery and Associated Semen Biomarkers in Infertile Male Dromedary Camels

Key Points

• This study aims to assess the diagnostic utility of Doppler ultrasonography in combination with seminal biomarkers for identifying infertility in male dromedary camels.
• Conducted breeding soundness evaluations on 68 infertile and 9 fertile male camels.
• Performed computer-assisted semen analysis and Doppler ultrasound on the supratesticular artery.
• Assessed seminal plasma levels of semen biomarkers: SEM I, SEM II, ECM1, and TEX101.
• Infertile camels exhibited significantly impaired semen quality with a p-value of < 0.001.
• All four biomarkers were significantly lower in the infertile group compared to controls (p = 0.001).
• Doppler indices indicated impaired testicular perfusion with higher resistive and pulsatility indices (p = 0.003; p = 0.009) and lower velocity parameters (p < 0.001).
• ECM1 emerged as the significant predictor of infertility (p = 0.031).