What question did this study set out to answer?

To examine trends in NIH surgery funding and the representation of surgeon-scientists over 15 years.

From Bedside to Bench Without Return: The Surgeon-to-Researcher Transformation (2009-2024)

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To examine trends in NIH surgery funding and the representation of surgeon-scientists over 15 years.
Analyzed NIH RePORTER data from 2009, 2014, 2019, and 2024
Included 4,511 unique principal investigators and 4,011 grants
Conducted two-way ANOVA for Time × PI Type interactions
Performed gap analysis on clinical credentialing and practice
Excluded VA and pediatric surgeons from analysis
NIH surgery funding increased by 53% from $352M to $539M
MD-Only principal investigators decreased from 48.9% to 40.8% while MD-PhD PIs increased from 15.2% to 24.9%
Clinical credentialing for MD PIs remained stable between 93-96%
The disconnect between credentialing and Medicare billing grew from 22.6% in 2014 to 26.6% in 2024
Only 66.6% of MD PIs received Medicare payments in 2024 despite 93.2% maintaining credentials

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Examines trends in NIH surgery funding and surgeon-scientist leadership over 15 years, indicating a shift in clinical representation.

Sujka et al. (2026) studied this question.

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