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January 23, 2026Cancer ControlOpen Access

Modifiable Factors Associated With Delayed Diagnosis of Breast Cancer in Pakistan: An Epidemiological Study

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Authors

ARAsim RazaUniversity of LahoreSZShahbaz Ahmad ZakkiIHIjaz ul HaqKing Faisal University

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Implication

Epidemiological study explores diagnostic delays in breast cancer, highlighting modifiable factors in Pakistan.

Key Points

  • The aim is to explore modifiable factors that contribute to the delayed diagnosis of breast cancer in Pakistan.
  • Conducted an analytical cross-sectional study at a cancer hospital in Punjab, Pakistan.
  • Collected data on demographic characteristics and factors from patients using a self-structured questionnaire.
  • Retrieved tumor-related information from medical records.
  • Applied chi-square tests and forward stepwise binary logistic regression for analysis.
  • 68.6% of the analyzed breast cancer patients experienced diagnostic delays.
  • High diagnostic costs significantly predicted delays (AOR = 0.627).
  • Consultation with traditional healers was a strong predictor of delay (AOR = 0.317).
  • Negligence toward the disease was also significantly associated with delays (AOR = 2.35).
  • Financial problems showed a borderline effect on diagnostic delay (AOR = 0.634).

Cite This Study

Raza et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69730eabc8125b09b0d1e8dchttps://doi.org/10.1177/10732748251413336
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