ABSTRACT Hippophae rhamnoides L. is a widely accepted medicinal plant famous for its abundant phytochemical contents and pharmacological effects. The current research was based on a complete comparative analysis of phytochemical profiles, antioxidant effects, antimicrobial activity, and enzyme inhibition potential of fruit and leaf extracts extracted with different food grade solvents. The results showed that leaf extracts had significantly higher total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) compared with fruit extracts and they were closely related to their higher antioxidant capacity. Moderate antibacterial activity was observed against the tested foodborne pathogens. Leaf extracts were also particularly potent compounds by inhibiting key enzymes related to metabolic and neurodegenerative disorders, such as the acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and human carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes I and II (hCA I, II). In general, these results indicate that the leaves of H. rhamnoides have much greater bioactivity than the fruits and can be promising natural sources of antioxidants and multi‐target enzyme inhibitors. These findings highlight the prospective role of H. rhamnoides leaf extracts as a source of functional foods, clean‐label preservation systems, and neuroprotective preparations.
Kasapoğlu et al. (2026) studied this question.