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The aim is to examine the classification and natural recovery of shoulder functions in children with brachial plexus birth injury.

Brachial plexus birth injury: classification, natural history and shoulder external rotation

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The aim is to examine the classification and natural recovery of shoulder functions in children with brachial plexus birth injury.
Review of recent articles on brachial plexus injury classification and treatment outcomes.
Evaluation of intraoperative findings for classification improvement.
Assessment of recovery rates for active shoulder abduction and external rotation.
New classification correlates well with functional outcomes, aiding treatment comparisons.
Most children regained 90° or more abduction, indicating favorable recovery.
Recovery of elbow flexion does not predict shoulder outcome at 4 months.
About one-third of children did not regain active external rotation after treatment.

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This article reviews classifications and treatment outcomes in brachial plexus birth injury, suggesting better management strategies.

Tim Hems (2026) studied this question.

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