Exploratory Analysis of Sustainable Consumption and Production Factors in Services: Insights From Four Case Studies Using Interpretive Structural Modeling

This study investigates how 14 sustainable consumption and production (SCP) factors interact across four service categories—Mass Service, Professional Service, Service Factory, and Service Shop—using interpretive structural modeling (ISM). ISM enables the identification and hierarchical classification of interdependencies among SCP factors in service contexts. The analysis was conducted through four case studies in banks, civil construction, fruit distribution, and automobile retail organizations, each representing a specific service type according to Schmenner's matrix. Results reveal that appropriated infrastructure (F7), government involvement (F8), and residuals reduction (F11) are key driving factors enabling sustainability transitions in service operations. Additionally, awareness rate (F3), consumer society (F2), organizational culture (F4), and available resources (F6) shape the structural configuration of SCP relationships within each service type. This comparative modeling of SCP factors through ISM within Schmenner's service matrix provides insights into how service organizations can strengthen sustainable communities through context‐specific practices. The findings contribute to United Nations SDG 12 (responsible consumption and production) and provide actionable insights for designing sustainable service ecosystems.