Assisted assembly method for large components using augmented reality and virtual fixtures

Purpose This paper aims to address the challenge of visual obstruction and positioning inaccuracy during the installation of large-scale panels, which frequently block operators’ views and reduce operational efficiency. Design/methodology/approach An augmented reality (AR) and virtual fixture-based assisted assembly method is proposed. It reconstructs the environment in real-time using image and point cloud processing for accurate panel localization, establishes a spatial pose guidance virtual fixture with admittance control and a potential field-guided buffer zone and provides visual-haptic feedback through AR rendering. Findings Experimental results show that the method significantly improves installation efficiency (average time reduced by 19.8%) and reduces placement errors (average deviation decreased by 51.8%). Originality/value The study introduces an integrated AR and virtual fixture approach with real-time force feedback and potential field-based guidance, effectively mitigating visual obstruction issues in large-component assembly and enhancing both precision and efficiency.