Spatial analysis demonstrates pneumonia risk in Kinshasa influenced by environmental inequalities, suggesting improved green infrastructure is needed.
Pneumonia risk in Kinshasa is driven primarily by environmental and infrastructural inequalities rather than by the isolated effects of individual air pollutants. Strengthening urban green infrastructure, reducing environmental stressors, and improving equitable access to healthcare should be central to pneumonia prevention strategies in rapidly urbanizing African cities.
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Ngutuka et al. (2026) studied this question.
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