The influence of Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculate Nees) leaf extract towards periodontal disease associated with HIV

Background: Necrotizing periodontal disease (NPD) represents a serious and swiftly advancing type of periodontal disease that is frequently found in individuals with compromised immune systems, especially those infected with HIV. The microbial composition associated with periodontal diseases in HIV patients reveals a significant presence of red and orange complex bacteria, including Tannerella forsythia and Fusobacterium nucleatum. In recent years there has been a growing interest in herbal medicine as treatment. Andrographis Paniculata Nees, commonly known as Sambiloto is a medicinal herb widely used worldwide, especially in subtropical regions such as India, Thailand, Vietnam, and China. Sambiloto primarily consists of diterpenoids, flavonoids, and polyphenols. The main diterpenoid present in sambiloto is andrografolid. Andrographolide is the key active component responsible for most of its pharmacological effects. The substances found in the stem and leaves of this plant exhibit anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antiviral properties. Recent studies have explored the antiviral properties of Sambiloto, which may be effective against various viruses. Computational analyses have identified bisandrographolide and phytol as promising anti-HIV compounds, showing effectiveness in inhibiting HIV-1 protease. Purpose: To discuss the influence of sambiloto leaf extract towards HIV patients associated with periodontal disease. Method: The leaf extract of sambiloto does inhibit bacterial growth within periodontal disease associated with HIV. Results: The leaf extract of sambiloto has antiviral and antibacterial properties having the ability to inhibit periodontal bacteria within HIV. Conclusion: The leaf extract of Sambiloto does inhibit bacterial growth within periodontal disease associated with HIV.